Which two diagnoses have a high association with abuse?

• A. Bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder
• B. Generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder
• C. Schizophrenia and PTSD
• D. Pregnancy and somatic symptom disorder

Answer: (D)

Abuse history often manifests in ways that directly affect both physical state and symptom presentation. During pregnancy, intimate partner violence is a well-documented risk and is linked to adverse obstetric outcomes and significant maternal distress. This makes pregnancy a context where abuse is commonly found and impactful. For somatic symptom disorder, survivors of abuse are at higher risk of developing persistent physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical illness. Trauma can shape how people experience and report pain, stress, and bodily symptoms, leading to the somatic presentation that characterizes this disorder.

So, pairing pregnancy with somatic symptom disorder captures two strong avenues where abuse is frequently and notably tied to clinical presentation: a biological/physiologic context (pregnancy) and a symptom-focused psychosomatic pattern (somatic symptom disorder). While mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorders can co-occur with abuse, the combination here most clearly reflects the direct ways abuse commonly influences health and symptoms.